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Sains Malaysiana 54(4)(2025): 1063-1076
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5404-08
Development of a Mercury Sensor using
Voltammetry Techniques based on Waste Tire Carbon Electrodes Modified with Zinc
Oxide Doped Ion Imprinted Polypyrrole
(Pembangunan Penderia Merkuri menggunakan Teknik Voltammetri Berdasarkan Elektrod Karbon Tayar Sisa Diubah Suai dengan Zink Oksida Terdop Ion Polipirol Bercetak)
MERI DAYANTI1,
SAGIR ALVA2, LELIFAJRI LELIFAJRI1, NAZARUDDIN NAZARUDDIN1,
JULINAWATI JULINAWATI1, SUKOMA SUKOMA1, SYAFRIZAL FONNA3,
AHMAD KAMAL ARIFIN4, SITI AISHAH HASBULLAH5, ANDRIY ANTA
KACARIBU6, MUHAMMAD SAID7 & KHAIRI SUHUD1,*
1Department of Chemistry, Mathematics, and Natural Science Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Indonesia
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
3Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Engineering Department,
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Indonesia
4Centre of Integrated Design for Advanced
Mechanical System (PRISMA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
5Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
6Doctoral Program of Agricultural
Science, Postgraduate School, Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Indonesia
7Department of Chemistry, Mathematics
and Science Faculty, University of Sriwijaya,
Indonesia
Received: 23
July 2024/Accepted: 17 December 2024
Abstract
Waste Tire Carbon (WTC) was chosen as the
carbon source for fabricating the mercury sensor. Tires are inherently carbon-rich
(88%) and are considered elastomer blends. While WTC has been used as a sensor
for mercury detection, the resulting sensitivity has been relatively low.
Therefore, modifications to the working electrode are necessary to improve
mercury detection. One such modification involves using nanoparticles,
specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with ion-imprinted polypyrrole (PPy). The
modified WTC electrodes with ZnO and PPy were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared
(FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A 0.1 M KCl solution was used as the supporting electrolyte. The calibration curve was
linear, with an R² of 0.9977, a concentration range of 0.01-8.00 ppm, a limit
of detection (LoD) of 0.03 ppm, and a limit of
quantification (LoQ) of 0.07 ppm, with %RSD below 2%.
Selectivity tests were conducted to measure Hg2+ ions by adding the
metal ions, namely Ag+ and Pb2+. The test results showed
that the electrode had good selectivity, although there was a decrease in the
peak current from 16 mA to 15,45 mA. These results indicate that the developed
method is highly sensitive and selective to Hg concentrations.
Keywords:
Electrode; mercury; polypyrrole; voltammetry; ZnO
Abstrak
Karbon Tayar Sisa (WTC) dipilih sebagai sumber karbon untuk fabrikasi elektrod kerja merkuri. Tayar sememangnya kaya dengan karbon (88%) dan dianggap sebagai campuran elastomer. WalaupunWTC telah digunakan sebagai penderia untuk pengesanan merkuri, sensitiviti yang terhasil adalah agak rendah. Oleh itu, pengubahsuaian pada elektrod kerja adalah perlu untuk meningkatkan pengesanan merkuri. Satu pengubahsuaian sedemikian melibatkan penggunaan zarah nano, khususnya zink oksida (ZnO)
yang didopkan dengan polipirol bercetak ion (PPy). ElektrodWTC yang diubah suai dengan ZnO dan PPy telah dicirikan menggunakan Transformasi Fourier Inframerah (FT-IR) dan Mikroskopi Elektron Pengimbasan (SEM). Larutan KCl 0.1 M digunakan sebagai elektrolit penyokong. Keluk penentukuran adalah linear dengan nilai R2 0.9977, julat kepekatan 0.01-8.00 ppm, had pengesanan (LoD) 0.03 ppm dan had kuantifikasi (LoQ) 0.07 ppm dengan %RSD
< 2%. Ujian selektiviti telah dijalankan untuk mengukur ion Hg²⁺ dengan menambahkan ion logam, iaitu Ag⁺ dan
Pb²⁺. Keputusan ujian menunjukkan bahawa elektrod mempunyai selektiviti yang baik, walaupun terdapat penurunan arus puncak daripada 16 mA kepada 15.45 mA. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahawa kaedah yang dibangunkan mempunyai sensitiviti dan selektiviti yang tinggi terhadap kepekatan Hg. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa kaedah yang dibangunkan adalah sangat sensitif dan selektiviti terhadap kepekatan Hg.
Kata kunci: Elektrod; merkuri; polipirol; voltammetri; ZnO
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*Corresponding author; email:
khairi@usk.ac.id
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